If there was one person who hates water more than my cat, it is my five year old nephew. Bath time for him equates a battle where there is a constant raging war of wills with my sister. He would happily remain dirty and messy rather than take a soak in the suds. As I looked at my sister chasing him around the house for a bath, I wondered about the importance of teaching children good hygiene habits. After all, hygiene for kids is not just about keeping up appearances, it is important that children learn good hygiene related habits to keep themselves healthy and prevent illnesses from spreading. Here are a look at some lessons on hygiene for kids. More on child care.

Hygiene Basics for Kids

Kids Hygiene: Essential Bath Time: It is surprising how babies who just love to splash around in water grow up into messy pre-pubescent boys with a complete dislike for even a ten minute shower. Irrespective of that you need to set up a routine for the kids personal hygiene. You need to wash the face, neck and bottom of infants throughout the day. Older children need to have a daily bath especially in summer. For kids who have reached puberty and have to deal with persistent problems of body odor in arms and their private parts, a daily shower is a must.

Kids Hygiene: Wash hands: Did you know that washing hands is the best way to prevent the spread of illnesses? This is because the germs from an infected person can spread easily by hands. However, you need to teach kids the best way to employ proper hand washing techniques. The steps to proper hand washing include:

  •     First wet the hands thoroughly with warm water
  •     Use enough soap to create a good lather and rub the hands vigorously for 20 seconds
  •     Wash both the palms and back of your hands to get rid of the dirt stuck in your nails
  •     Rinse your hands and dry them with a towel

Make sure that the kids wash their hands before their meals, after coming from outdoor or playing with pets. In cars and playgrounds when there is no access to running water, wet wipes and hand sanitizers are a good away of keeping the hands clean. However, you may need to monitor the younger kids who might end up putting their hands in their mouth or rubbing their eyes before the sanitizer evaporates.

Kids Hygiene: Nail Care: Keeping your kid’s nails trimmed and clean is essential for warding away those messy germs that hide under them. Scratching the skin with germ infected nails can lead to skin infection and rashes.

Kids Hygiene: Dental Care: Pediatric dentists recommend that by age of one, all the children should be screened by dentists. This is because an estimated twenty percent of children in the age group of three are already affected by tooth decay. Regular brushing is essential part of the dental hygiene for kids. Pre-teens should ideally be brushing three times a day to prevent bad breath and tooth decay. Kids who have just relished a sugary treat should brush within twenty minutes to avoid the risk of cavities. It is essential that you teach children under the age of ten to brush and floss their teeth properly. If your child is susceptible to cavities use a fluoridated mouthwash to prevent tooth decay. Read more on basic dental care.

Kids Hygiene: Hair Care: Although most parents go through all the trouble of establishing a skin cleansing routine, not much attention is paid to hair care. However, washing the hair daily is as essential as bathing. While washing your hair with a shampoo, massage well and rinse off with water. You can experiment with different shampoos to choose the best one for your kid. If your child has a scalp problem then you can use medicated shampoos prescribed by the doctor.

Kids Hygiene: Changing Clothes and Shoes: An important often forgotten part of kids personal hygiene is changing clothes and shoes on a regular basis. Dirty clothes and shoes which contain dead skin cells and sweat can lead to a stinky odor and skin infection such as foot fungus.

Making a routine that aids in the maintenance of proper hygiene as well as teaching kids about hygiene is essential for keeping your child clean and healthy in the long run. Ingrain these habits in your child when he or she is young using reminders, positive reinforcements and even by setting a good example yourself, and it most likely that your child will inculcate these habits for life.

 

A week after your baby is born, it’s time for his first trip to the pediatrician, referred to as a well-baby checkup. Although newborns usually have their very first checkup at the hospital as soon as they are born, regular pediatric visits begin a week after birth. Most doctors schedule the visit 5 to 7 days after the birth. For most moms and their infants, this can be termed as the very first outing after childbirth!

Before you go to the doctor, jot down each and every doubt you have in mind. Do not hesitate to ask the doctor anything, you are expected to be full of concerns regarding your little one, however trivial they might seem, and doctors are there to help. Also, be prepared to answer a lot of questions the doctor will ask you about your baby. Read on to know what to expect at your baby’s first checkup.

What Happens During the Checkup
The doctor or pediatrician will weigh the baby and measure the height, plotting it on the growth chart to verify if the growth pattern is as expected. He will conduct a thorough head-to-toe physical examination of your infant, starting with:

Head
The circumference of the head is measured and compared with the reading at birth to see if the baby is growing normally. He will also feel the soft spots on the baby’s head, called fontanels, along with the shape of the head. If he finds flat spots on the head, he may recommend you to change the position of the head when the baby is asleep while keeping the baby on a soft but firm mattress. Extended tummy time when the baby is awake is usually recommended by doctors to help reduce flat spots.

Eyes
With an ophthalmoscope, the doctor will inspect the eyes for any discharge, blocked tear ducts, and yellow eyes, an indication of jaundice. Your baby is still too small to focus on an object, so the doctor may question you if you have noticed your baby exhibiting cross-eye, a symptom which clears itself as your baby grows and his vision gets more pronounced.

Ears
The doctor will use an otoscope to check your baby’s ears for their shape, and any fluid discharge or infection.

Mouth
The sucking reflex is checked by placing a finger or pacifier in the baby’s mouth. The doctor may also look for indications of oral thrush, a common yeast infection in infants that can be easily treated.

Chest
The heart and lungs are inspected by placing a stethoscope on the chest and listening to the heartbeats. The doctor will also look for respiratory problems such as difficulty in breathing or any unusual heart rhythms.

Skin
While inspecting the skin, the doctor will check for common skin eruptions like rashes and birthmarks. A few babies develop jaundice at birth, which goes away within a week or two. At the first checkup, he may check if the skin is turning yellow, a sign of jaundice. In case you have noticed signs of cradle cap (inflammation of the scalp) and diaper rash, this is the time to ask the doctor for a remedy.

Abdomen
If the umbilical cord has dried completely and fallen off, the doctor will check if the belly button is healing and free of infection. Gently squeezing your baby’s abdomen will alert the doctor for signs of enlarged organs and umbilical hernia.

Legs
The doctor will move your infant’s legs around to check for dislocated hip joints.

Genitals
For boys, the doctor checks if the testicles have descended into the scrotum, and checks if the baby has not developed a disorder called hydrocele, in which fluid accumulates in the scrotum. In the event of a circumcision at birth, he will make sure the skin is healing properly. He will also look for indications of inguinal hernia, a type of hernia more commonly seen in boys than girls. In case of girls, he might ask you if you have noticed a vaginal discharge.

Apart from the above examination, the doctor might administer a hepatitis B shot to the baby if he has not received one at birth, evaluate your baby’s reflexes, make observations on the interaction parents have with the baby, and offer general tips on upbringing and care of a newborn. Additionally, a heel prick test is done and blood sample collected to test for phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder which can cause extensive brain damage if left untreated. Most importantly, the baby is started off with the immunizations, and a record of the immunizations he has received since birth, and a schedule of all shots he will receive in the future is given to the parents.

Questions the Doctor may Ask You
There will be a horde of questions the doctor will want to ask you, regarding your baby’s sleep cycle, bowel movement, feeding schedule, etc.

How often does the baby sleep? How alert is he when he is awake?
How often does he cry? Does the crying stop if he is picked up? Does he like to be held, or is he content lying on his back?
How does he respond to your (primary caregiver’s) voice? Does he turn his head in that direction? Does he focus his eyes on your face if you hold your face close to his?
What is his feeding schedule? How often does he feed? Is he on formula or is he breastfed? What kind of formula are you giving him? (If you are breastfeeding, he may want to know if you are taking any vitamins/medications. He may suggest you start the baby off on a multivitamin as well.)
Does your baby have regular bowel movements? How often do you need to change the diaper? (Often, hospitals advise parents to maintain a chart regarding the baby’s bowel movements right from birth till the first well-baby visit; so if you have one, show it to the doctor.)

Questions You may Ask the Doctor
Now is the time to put forth all your doubts and worries. Do not hesitate to open up and ask the doctor about every small thing that is bothering you. It can take a few weeks before you notice your baby (and you) falling into a regular routine. You could be battling postpartum depression, so talk to the doctor how to best deal with it. No doubt, you would have received loads of advice from well-wishers on how to bring up the baby, and too much of it can be confusing, and the best person to sort your queries is the doctor. As a new parent, you may face difficulty feeding and comforting your newborn, ask the doctor for some tips. A few questions new parents have are:

How often should I feed the baby? How do I look for baby’s hunger cues? How do I know if he is full or whether he is hungry for more?
My baby sleeps too much (or too little). What do I do?
Should I bathe the baby everyday?
Is it alright if I take my baby out, say for a trip to the local store, or to visit someone’s house?
When is the ideal time to put my baby in daycare if I need to get back to work soon?

And now, before you set off for the first ever doctor visit, stock the diaper bag with the items mentioned below.

List of Things to Carry Along for the Well-baby Checkup
Here is a list of a few things you must remember to take with you on the visit.

The doctor will undress the baby for the checkup, so carry a blanket to keep your baby warm.
If your baby is formula-fed, carry formula and water with you. You never know how long you may need to sit in the waiting room outside, so it’s advisable to carry enough formula along. And yes, do not forget extra diapers, baby wipes, and a spare set of clothes!
Also get the insurance card and the hospital records provided to you at the time of discharge.
Take the list of questions you have noted down to ask the pediatrician concerning the overall health of the baby.

It is advisable to have plenty of time on hand before you leave to visit the pediatrician. Remember you have a newborn with you who does not yet have a set routine, which means that you and your baby are still getting used to each other. Don’t be taken aback if you find out it takes quite some time to buckle up a wriggly infant in his car seat and settle yourself in! And before you leave the doctor’s office, schedule the next appointment. It is a good idea to ask the office who can be contacted in case of an emergency, if the doctor is away. Even though you baby seems happy and healthy, regular well-baby visits are important as they help you keep track of your baby’s growth and development. Being prepared for your baby’s first checkup and knowing what to expect will certainly make your trip to the doctor a smooth ride!

 

Prevention of Plagiocephaly
The most common form of plagiocephaly is positional plagiocephaly. When a baby is placed on the mattress with its face up for a long time, it develops positional plagiocephaly due to continuous pressure on a particular area of the head. As babies are incapable of moving their heads in different directions, pressure on a single area leads to the development of a flat spot. Now the question is – How to prevent plagiocephaly in babies? Here is the answer.
Include a fair amount of “tummy time” when your baby is awake. Mothers should make their babies practice to be on their tummy because many babies do not like it. Starting their tummy time right away will help them develop a habit of spending time on their tummy.
Make your baby spend time in other positions like being upright or lying on its side. This will let your baby experience other positions and help discovering the world around it in a different way.
Changing your baby’s position throughout the day will also help in preventing plagiocephaly.
Do not place your baby on a car seat or baby swing for long, as this adds to the time of pressure exerted on the baby’s head.
You can spend more time carrying your baby on a sling throughout the day. Babywearing is a nice way of reducing the amount of time the baby spends on its back. This not only increases the total time you spend with your baby, it will also be a treat for your little one to enjoy your company!
Keep changing the direction of your baby’s head while sleeping. This will prevent the baby from keeping its head tilted in one direction for long.
Place a baby pillow underneath you baby’s head during sleeping. Such pillows distribute the pressure evenly and prevent babies from developing flat heads.
Feed your baby by placing it on both the sides alternatively. This will decrease the time spent in one position and reduce the chances a flat head.
Another form of plagiocephaly is craniosynostosis in which, the joints of the skull close early resulting in improper growth of brain. Surgical treatment is required to treat this birth defect. A baby with a flat spot on the head needs medical attention. Parents must immediately contact a pediatrician if they observe a flat spot developing on their baby’s head. Depending on severity of the condition, doctor will advise a treatment. Severe cases call for cranial orthotic therapy in which the baby is made to wear a plagiocephaly helmet for 23 hours a day for a period of 2-6 months to correct the shape of baby’s head. It is advisable, that parents start practicing the preventive measures for plagiocephaly so that the need for treatment does not arise at all.

© 2012 Children & Family Suffusion theme by Sayontan Sinha